Species Profile: Cedar Elm
Common Name: Cedar Elm
Scientific Name: Ulmus crassifolia
Location:
Native to the south-central United States, including much of Texas. It is especially common in Central Texas, often found along riverbanks, bottomlands, fencerows, and urban landscapes. Cedar Elm thrives in a wide range of soils, from rocky uplands to heavy clays, and is highly adapted to Texas heat and drought.
Mating Habits:
A deciduous tree that reproduces by seed. Small, inconspicuous flowers are wind-pollinated and bloom in late summer to early fall. Seeds develop quickly and are dispersed by wind.
Seasonal Habits / Bloom Time:
Unique among native elms, Cedar Elm flowers and sets seed in late summer to early fall (August–October). Leaves are small, rough-textured, and turn yellow in fall before dropping. The tree provides dense shade in summer and goes dormant in winter.
Ecological Relevance:
Cedar Elm plays a key role in Texas ecosystems as a hardy, long-lived shade tree. Provides food and habitat for insects, birds, and small mammals. Its dense canopy moderates temperature and reduces erosion in riparian zones.
Interesting Facts:
Named “Cedar Elm” because it often grows alongside Ashe Juniper (commonly called cedar) in Central Texas.
Highly resistant to drought and adaptable to urban settings, making it one of the best shade trees for Central Texas landscapes.
More resistant to Dutch Elm Disease than many other elm species.
Can live 100+ years under favorable conditions.
Wildlife Associations:
Supports numerous insect species, including caterpillars of butterflies and moths that feed on its leaves. Seeds are eaten by birds and small mammals. Provides nesting habitat and shade for wildlife in riparian and urban settings.
Conservation Note:
An ecologically and culturally important native tree, Cedar Elm is an excellent choice for reforestation, urban canopy enhancement, and wildlife habitat. Planting Cedar Elm in urban and suburban settings helps preserve biodiversity, mitigate heat, and provide long-lasting shade.
