Species Profile: Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly

Common Name: Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly
Scientific Name: Papilio troilus

Location: Primarily found in moist woodland habitats and shaded areas of Central and East Texas. Sometimes found in parks and shaded residential areas where host plants are present.

Mating Habits: Males patrol shaded forest paths and edges in search of females. After mating, females lay eggs singly on host plants like spicebush (Lindera benzoin) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum).

Seasonal Habits / Migratory Patterns: Non-migratory but multiple broods occur from spring through early fall. Activity peaks in late spring and again in late summer.

Ecological Relevance: The caterpillar is a specialist feeder on specific native trees, and adults are excellent pollinators for shade-loving wildflowers. Their presence indicates healthy forest ecosystems.

Interesting Facts:

• The caterpillar resembles a snake with eye-like spots to scare away predators.

• Adults are dark with blue or green iridescent hindwings, often confused with the Pipevine Swallowtail.

• Pupae can overwinter, allowing the species to survive cold months.

Native Plant Associations: Host plants include sassafras and spicebush (rare in Central TX). Nectar sources include native phlox, joe-pye weed, ironweed, and thistle.

Conservation Note: Encouraging the planting of sassafras and shade-tolerant nectar plants in forested areas or large gardens can help support the Spicebush Swallowtail’s population in Central Texas.